Thursday, March 8, 2012

Exertional Chest pain and Near Syncope in a Young Adolescent

An adolescent female presented for increasing chest pain (sometime sharp, sometime like someone standing on her chest) and palpitations with exertion for 3 months. It is particularly noticeable with dancing or running, but has also come at rest. On the day she presented to the ED, she was running home, had the onset of CP, then felt dizzy and felt like she was going to pass out. She sat down and the pain slowly went away.  She had never had a full syncopal event.  When she told her mother about the episode, they came to the ED. She denies SOB with her pain. She denied family history of sudden cardiac death at a young age, or for unknown reasons. She is otherwise healthy but has been told that she has a murmur.   On exam, she had a 3/6 systolic murmur that decreased with increasing peripheral vascular resistance.


Here is her ECG:

There is massive voltage (severe LVH) with corresponding repolarization abnormalities.  There is very high voltage R-waves in right precordial leads, highly suggestive of septal hypertrophy.  The ST segments are depressed, discordant to the large R-wave.  This is unlike most LVH, in which the right precordial S-waves are deep, with discordant ST elevation.)  This is highly suspicious for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with asymmetric septal hypertrophy (HOCM). 



The ECG is almost always abnormal in HOCM, with LVH and repolarization abnormalities, especially if symptomatic.  This is a rather extreme example.

Here is her chest Xray:

Massive cardiomegaly

The emergency physicians performed a bedside echocardiogram: Diagnosis: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. She was transferred to a pediatric referral center.




4 comments:

  1. Great case for acquiring 12-Leads in pediatric syncope!

    When evaluating for HCM, I'd been taught to look for abnormal Q-waves (lateral leads most often) with high voltages, even in the absence of the strain pattern. However, upon reading the referenced paper that doesn't seem to be as prevalent as LVH or secondary repolarization abnormalities.

    Another interesting point in the paper were the 3 patients with cardiomyopathy and WPW. Not a welcome combination.

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  2. Thank you for sharing such an interesting case. I hope the patient does well.

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  3. Great case thank you for sharing it us. It is very difficult for me to determine QRS amplitude when there is overlap of R waves or S waves from one lead to the next. In this tracing — there is overlap of QRS complexes in almost all leads! How can we resolve the problem of excessive QRS amplitude causing overlap of complexes? Thanks a lot!
    Anderson Santos

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    1. Oi Anderson! I agree completely with you — I cannot visually resolve the problem of overlapping complexes on this tracing. But the solution is SIMPLE — Repeat the ECG at HALF standardization (should have been done immediately for this tracing — :)

      Delete

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